A clock (from the Latincloca, "bell") is an instrument for measuring time and for measuring time intervals of less than a day—as opposed to a calendar. Those used for technical purposes, of very high accuracy, are usually called chronometers. A portable clock is called a watch. The clock in its most common modern form (in use since at least the 14th century) displays the hours, minutes and, sometimes, seconds that pass during a twelve- or twenty-four-hour period.
History
The clock is one of the oldest human inventions, requiring a physical process that will proceed at a known rate and a way to gauge how long that process has run. As the seasons and the phases of the moon can be used to measure the passage of longer periods of time, shorter processes had to be used to measure off hours and minutes. The sundial, which measures the time of day by the direction of shadows cast by the sun, was widely known in ancient times.
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Cesium Atomic Clocks - Kinds of cesium clocks, with pictures, plus a description of their operation and the science behind them.
Doug's Atomic Clocks - Details on Doug Hogarth's experiments with his atomic clock.
How Stuff Works: Atomic Clock - Concise history, background, definitions and operational information regarding atomic clocks.
Meta Description: [ Atomic clocks are the most accurate timekeepers in the world. Learn all about atomic clocks and how they keep the whole world on nearly perfect time! ]
How Stuff Works: Pendulum Clock - Concise description using drawings and animation to show the operation of a pendulum clock.
Meta Description: [ Ever wonder what makes that grandfather clock in your hallway tick? The pendulum clock uses the simplest principles to keep incredibly accurate time. Discover what makes the pendulum such a great timekeeper. ]