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Anthropology (from the Greek word άνθρωπος, "human" or "person") consists of the study of humanity (see genus Homo). It is holistic in two senses: it is concerned with all humans at all times and with all dimensions of humanity. Anthropology is traditionally distinguished from other disciplines by its emphasis on cultural relativity, in-depth examination of context, and cross-cultural comparisons.
Historical and institutional context
- Main Article: History of anthropology
Institutionally, anthropology emerged from the development of natural history (expounded by authors such as Buffon) that occurred during the European colonization of the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. Programs of ethnographic study have their origins in this era as the study of the "human primitives" overseen by colonial administrations. There was a tendency in late 18th century Enlightenment thought to understand human society as natural phenomena that behaved in accordance with certain principles and that could be observed empirically.see, for instance, the writing of Auguste Comte In some ways, studying the language, culture, physiology, and artifacts of European colonies was not unlike studying the flora and fauna of those places. Some critics point to the fact that the material culture of "civilized" nations such as China have historically been displayed in fine-art museums alongside European art, while artifacts from African and Native North American cultures were displayed in Natural History Museums, alongside dinosaur bones and nature dioramas. The British Museum or the Parisian Musée de l'Homme are examples of such museums—the Musée de l'Homme held the "Hottentot Venus" remains until the 1970s. Saartje Baartman, a Namaqua woman, was examined by anatomist Georges Cuvier. This being said, curatorial practice has changed dramatically in recent years, and it would be inaccurate to see anthropology as merely an extension of colonial rule and European chauvinism, since its relationship to imperialism was and is complex. Museums weren't the only site of anthropological studies: with the New Imperialism period, starting in the 1870s, zoos became unattended "laboratories," especially the so-called "ethnological exhibitions" or "Negro villages." Thus, "savages" from the colonies were displayed, often nudes, in cages, in what has been called "human zoos." For example, in 1906, anthropologist Madison Grant put a Congolese pygmy named Ota Benga in a cage in the Bronx Zoo, and labelled him "the missing link" between an orangutan and the "white race" (Grant, a renowned eugenicist, was the author of The Passing of the Great Race (1916). Such exhibitions were attempts to illustrate and prove in the same movement the validity of scientific racism, the first formulation of which may be found in Arthur de Gobineau's An Essay on the Inequality of Human Races (1853-55). In 1931, the Colonial Exhibition in Paris still displayed Kanaks from New Caledonia in the "indigenous village"; it received 24 million visitors in six months, thus demonstrating the popularity of such "human zoos."
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Natural History :: Science
Anthropology :: Social Sciences
Couples book is gift to region: Charles Cleland, a Michigan State University anthropology professor from 1964-2000 ... http://bit.ly/6l17bz
archeology101 (History Guide) Fri, 25 Dec 2009 04:31:05 -0000
Couples book is gift to region: Charles Cleland, a Michigan State University anthropology professor from 1964-2000 ... http://bit.ly/6l17bz
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Anthropological Institute and Museum - Exhibits an overview of human evolution from Australopithecus to modern man and features early hominid findings in Switzerland.
Anthropological Museum of Nanzan - Exhibits anthropological artifacts from the history of the Japanese people, including the tools of everyday life.
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Berndt Museum of Anthropology - Australian ethnographic museum specializing in the material culture of Aboriginal Australians.
Meta Description: [ The Berndt Museum of Anthropolgy in Perth contains significant collections of aboriginal art and aboriginal artifacts ]
C S U Chico Museum of Anthropology - Contains exhibits, on-line museum, museum studies program, and membership information.
C.E. Smith Museum of Anthropology - Houses collections from Africa, Asia and North, Central, and South America. Features descriptions of exhibits, including coming attractions and information on volunteer and student intern opportunities.
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Cuggiono Civic Historical Museum - Information about the artifacts and history of the ancient town, with pictures, hours, and directions for travel.
Meta Description: [ Il museo storico civico di arti e professioni cuggionesi è un museo etnografico della provincia di milano. sul sito si trova anche una visita virtuale alle sale del museo ]
Ethnographic Museum of Zurich University - Location and hours for the Swiss museum of non-European cultures.
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Ethnographic Museum, University Of Oslo - Schedules and exhibits.
Grace Hudson Museum - Focuses on the work of artist Grace Carpenter Hudson and her ethnologist husband, Dr. John Hudson.
Meta Description: [ The Grace Hudson Museum in Ukiah California is an art, history, and anthropology museum focusing on the lifeworks of artist Grace Hudson (1865-1937) and her ethnologist husband Dr. John Hudson (1857-1936) ]
Hudson Museum of Anthropology at the University of Maine - Includes virtual exhibits, event schedules, hours and descriptions of educational programs. Located in Orono, Maine, United States.
Meta Description: [ The Hudson Museum ]
Logan Museum of Anthropology - Features virtual exhibits from Beloit College's ethnographic museum.
Meta Description: [ Fireworks Splice HTML, Fireworks Splice HTML ]
Lowell D. Holmes Museum of Anthropology - Exhibits, events, faculty, and course information from Wichita State University's museum.
Maxwell Museum of Anthropology - The Maxwell Museum of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, holds over 10 million individual items in its archaeological, ethnological, archival, photo and skeletal collections. The collections come from all parts of the world, but have a Southwestern emphasis. The Maxwell is the only museum in the Southwest whose mission encompasses the entire history of mankind and culture around the world.
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Musée du Quai Branly - French museum exhibits tribal arts, documents on ethnology, ethnography, culture and civilization of indigenous peoples. Opening in 2005. Site in French, Spanish and English.
Museum of Anthropology at The University of British Columbia - Exhibits, collections, calendars, and programs from the museum specializing in First Nations culture.
Museum of Anthropology, University of Missouri - Columbia - Features online exhibits, research information on ethnographic, archaeological and historical collections. Includes hours, tours by appointment and directions. Free admission. Located in Columbia.
Meta Description: [ Museum of Anthropology at the University of Missouri-Columbia. Since its founding in 1939, the Museum of Anthropology has served the research and teaching needs of the University of Missouri, provided exhibitions and programs for the general public, and served as an archaeological curation facili... ]
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Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology - Part of the Faculty of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of Cambridge. Exhibitions, collections, on-line catalogue.
Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology - University of Pennsylvania museum featuring online exhibits, articles and research.
Museum of Ethnology Vienna - Collection comprises over 200,000 objects and represents the cultural heritage of the continents of Africa, the Americas, Australia and Asia.
National Museum of Ethnology (Minpaku) - Introduction to the museum in Osaka, Japan.
Meta Description: [ National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka, Japan ]
Northern Illinois University Anthropology Museum - Schedules, exhibits, and photographs.
Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology - The Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University, founded in 1866 by George Peabody, is one of the oldest museums in the world devoted to anthropology.
Peter the Great's Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkammer) - History, collections, and exhibits from the oldest state museum in Russia. Includes virtual tour, hours, entrance fee, guided tours and contact details. Located in St. Petersburg. [Russian and English].
Meta Description: [ Located on the banks of the Neva in the center of St.Petersburg, the Kunstkammer has been the symbol of the Russian Academy of Sciences since the early 18th century. Founded to Peter the Greats Decree, the Museum opened to the public in 1714. Its purpose was to collect and examine natural and hu... ]
Phoebe Apperson Hearst Museum of Anthropology - Event calendar, visitor information, exhibits and research projects at the museum of the University of California at Berkeley.
The Arizona State Museum - Focuses on the study of Southwestern Indian cultures. Collections include prehistoric, historic and modern artifacts, photographs, archives, and sound recordings. Includes events and programs, map and directions. Located in Tucson.
University of Kansas Museum of Anthropology - Information on current exhibits and educational programs.
Meta Description: [ The Museum of Anthropology (KUMA) is located in historic Spooner Hall at the University of Kansas. KUMA curates nearly 10,000 ethnographic objects and approximately one million archaeological artifacts, which are representative of modern peoples and those who once inhabited North America, South ... ]
University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology - The Ethnology range stores and studies the material culture of contemporary or recently living peoples. Though the Museum has collections from all parts of the world, North America and Southeast Asia are especially well represented.
Utah State University - Museum of Anthropology - Features descriptions and photos of artifacts from the American West, Africa, South America, Polynesia, New Guinea, and the Mediterranean. Provides its history, tour information, hours, and map to the location in Logan, Utah.
Wake Forest University Museum of Anthropology - Lists exhibits, staff, and educational programs.
Meta Description: [ Wake Forest Museum of Anthropology ]
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