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The majority of this article is about heads of states. For more on other kinds of presidents, see Non-Governmental Presidents, below. For more on the usage of term "president", see President (history of the term).
President is a title held by many leaders of organizations, companies, universities, and countries. Etymologically, a "president" is one who Preside, who sits in leadership (from Latin prae- "before" + sedere "to sit"; just as Praeses). Originally, the term referred to the presiding officer of a ceremony or meeting (i.e. chairman); but today it most commonly refers to an official with executive powers.

Among other things, President today is a common title for the Head of state of most republics, whether popularly elected, chosen by the legislature or a special electoral college. It is also often adopted by dictators.

Modern history of the designation


Originally the term was used to refer to the presiding officer of a committee or governing body in Great Britain. Later this usage was applied to political leaders. Early examples are from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge (from 1464); the founding President of the Royal Society William Brouncker in 1660; heads of individual British colonies (originally Virginia in 1608); and chief officers of banks (from 1781).

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Museum - Devoted to telling the life story of the 16th President.

Bush Presidential Library and Museum - George Bush (41st President: 1988-1992).

Clinton Presidential Center - Bill Clinton (42st President: 1993-2001). A showcase of the Clinton Administration's legacy.

Eisenhower Center - Dwight D. Eisenhower (34th President: 1953-1961)

Gerald R. Ford Library and Museum - 38th President: 1974-1977.

Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum - 31st President: 1929-1933.
Meta Description: [ The Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum preserves the records of Herbert Hoover, the 31st President of the United States. ]

John F. Kennedy Library and Museum - 35th President: 1961-1963.
Meta Description: [ Upcoming events, highlights and breaking news at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. ]

Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum - 36th President: 1963-1969.
Meta Description: [ The Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum in Austin, Texas, houses papers from LBJ's political career. The Museum presents aspects from his life: Lady Bird Johnson, JFK assassination, the Civil Rights Act, Vietnam war. ]

President Andrew Johnson Museum and Library - Dedicated to the 17th President of the United States. Contains a biography, a timeline of his life, detailed collection of the papers of his presidency and a list of related links.

Presidential Libraries - Links to US presidential libraries that are part of the part of the National Archives and Records Administration program.
Meta Description: [ Contacting the Presidential Libraries ]

Ronald Reagan Presidential Library - 40th President: 1981-1989.

Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center - 19th President: 1877-1881.

The Franklin D. Roosevelt Library and Museum - 32nd President: 1933-1945.
Meta Description: [ Franklin D. Roosevelt Library & Museum ]

500 The Jimmy Carter Library - 39th President: 1977-1981.

The Library of New Hampshire's Presdential Political Tradition - Designed to provide both an important historical record and insight into the Presidetial primary election campaign process.
Meta Description: [ presidential primary 2004 - New Hampshire's Political Library is designed to provide insight into the primary election campaign process. We welcome scholars, students, campaign managers, reporters, and candidates. ]

The Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace Foundation - 37th President: 1969-1974.

Truman Library Museum - Harry S. Truman (33rd President: 1945-1953).
Meta Description: [ Truman Presidential Museum & Library hosts documents, photographs, virtual exhibits, audio files, oral histories, digital archives, kids page, educational information about President Harry S. Truman, and his Presidency. ]

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