submit urlsubmit rss feedadd directory

article

The majority of this article is about heads of states. For more on other kinds of presidents, see Non-Governmental Presidents, below. For more on the usage of term "president", see President (history of the term).
President is a title held by many leaders of organizations, companies, universities, and countries. Etymologically, a "president" is one who Preside, who sits in leadership (from Latin prae- "before" + sedere "to sit"; just as Praeses). Originally, the term referred to the presiding officer of a ceremony or meeting (i.e. chairman); but today it most commonly refers to an official with executive powers.

Among other things, President today is a common title for the Head of state of most republics, whether popularly elected, chosen by the legislature or a special electoral college. It is also often adopted by dictators.

Modern history of the designation


Originally the term was used to refer to the presiding officer of a committee or governing body in Great Britain. Later this usage was applied to political leaders. Early examples are from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge (from 1464); the founding President of the Royal Society William Brouncker in 1660; heads of individual British colonies (originally Virginia in 1608); and chief officers of banks (from 1781).

More on [ President ]


directory of related categories

 
Presidential RSS feed
Wiley: All New Reference Titles

CliffsTestPrep Praxis II: Education of Exceptional Students (0353, 0382, 0542, 0544)
Judy L. Paris Mon, 25 Aug 2008 04:00:00 -0000
  Praxis II®: Education of Exceptional Students (0353, 0382, 0542, 0544) About the contents: Introduction Read More...
Clinical Anaesthesia, 3rd Edition
Carl L. Gwinnutt Mon, 25 Aug 2008 04:00:00 -0000
  The importance of the anaesthetist cannot be over-stated. The role continues to evolve and anaesthetists now have contact with the majority of patients admitted to hospital, not only providing the conditions under which surgery can be performed safely, but also playing a major role in preoperative assessment, postoperative care, pain management, recognition and management of the critically ill, and resuscitation. Read More...
MCTS: Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration Study Guide (Exam 70-643, with CD)
Joel Stidley Mon, 11 Aug 2008 04:00:00 -0000
  * This comprehensive guide offers 100 percent coverage of the exam's objectives, real-world scenarios, hands-on exercises, and challenging review questions * Prepares readers to configure terminal services, Web Services infrastructure, security for Web Services, communication services, and file and print services * The newest set of Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist (MCTS) and Microsoft Certified Information Technology Professional (MCITP) Read More...
70-643: Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration, Package
Microsoft Official Academic Course Tue, 15 Jul 2008 04:00:00 -0000
  Exam 70-643, Windows Server 2008 Applications Platform Configuration.    The newest iteration of the Microsoft Official Academic Course (MOAC) program for network administration courses using Windows Server 2008 and mapping to the Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist (MCTS) 70-643 certification exam. The MOAC IT Professional series is the Official from Microsoft, turn-key Workforce training program that leads to professional certification Read More...
CISSP: Certified Information Systems Security Professional Study Guide, 4th Edition
James Michael Stewart, Ed Tittel, Mike Chapple Tue, 08 Jul 2008 04:00:00 -0000
  Building on the popular Sybex Study Guide approach, CISSP®: Certified Information Systems Security Professional Study Guide, 4th Edition provides 100% coverage of the CISSP Body of Knowledge exam objectives. Find clear and concise information on crucial security topics, practical examples and insights drawn from real-world experience, and cutting-edge exam preparation software, including two full-length bonus exams and electronic flashcards. Read More...
MCTS: Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration: Exam 70-642
William Panek, Tylor Wentworth Tue, 08 Jul 2008 04:00:00 -0000
  Efficiently prepare for the Windows Server 2008 certification exam with MCTS: Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration: Exam 70-642, a comprehensive study tool that will guide you through everything you need to know for the test. This study guide includes 100% coverage of the exam objectives, real world scenarios, hands-on exercises, and challenging review questions, both in the book and on the CD. Read More...

 
Subscribe to Reference RSS feed

directory of related sites

Museum - Devoted to telling the life story of the 16th President.

Bush Presidential Library and Museum - George Bush (41st President: 1988-1992).

Clinton Presidential Center - Bill Clinton (42st President: 1993-2001). A showcase of the Clinton Administration's legacy.

Eisenhower Center - Dwight D. Eisenhower (34th President: 1953-1961)

Gerald R. Ford Library and Museum - 38th President: 1974-1977.

Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum - 31st President: 1929-1933.
Meta Description: [ The Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum preserves the records of Herbert Hoover, the 31st President of the United States. ]

John F. Kennedy Library and Museum - 35th President: 1961-1963.
Meta Description: [ Upcoming events, highlights and breaking news at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. ]

Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum - 36th President: 1963-1969.
Meta Description: [ The Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum in Austin, Texas, houses papers from LBJ's political career. The Museum presents aspects from his life: Lady Bird Johnson, JFK assassination, the Civil Rights Act, Vietnam war. ]

President Andrew Johnson Museum and Library - Dedicated to the 17th President of the United States. Contains a biography, a timeline of his life, detailed collection of the papers of his presidency and a list of related links.

Presidential Libraries - Links to US presidential libraries that are part of the part of the National Archives and Records Administration program.
Meta Description: [ Contacting the Presidential Libraries ]

Ronald Reagan Presidential Library - 40th President: 1981-1989.

Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center - 19th President: 1877-1881.

The Franklin D. Roosevelt Library and Museum - 32nd President: 1933-1945.
Meta Description: [ Franklin D. Roosevelt Library & Museum ]

500 The Jimmy Carter Library - 39th President: 1977-1981.

The Library of New Hampshire's Presdential Political Tradition - Designed to provide both an important historical record and insight into the Presidetial primary election campaign process.
Meta Description: [ presidential primary 2004 - New Hampshire's Political Library is designed to provide insight into the primary election campaign process. We welcome scholars, students, campaign managers, reporters, and candidates. ]

The Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace Foundation - 37th President: 1969-1974.

Truman Library Museum - Harry S. Truman (33rd President: 1945-1953).
Meta Description: [ Truman Presidential Museum & Library hosts documents, photographs, virtual exhibits, audio files, oral histories, digital archives, kids page, educational information about President Harry S. Truman, and his Presidency. ]

Presidential related videos
Democratic National Convention: Vice Presidential Nominee Sen. Joe Biden Speech 08/27/08 ... its your call lynn doyle cn8 ...
Next Video

 

HOMEADVERTISINGABOUT US

articlesartsbusinesscomputersgameshealthhospitalshomekids & teensnewsmobilephysiciansrecreationreferenceregionalscienceshoppingsocietysportsworld


Submit a Site About Become an Editor