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"CoP" redirects here. This article is about "Communities of Practice". For other uses of CoP, see CoP (disambiguation).

The concept of a community of practice (often abbreviated as CoP) refers to the process of social learning that occurs when people who have a common interest in some subject or problem collaborate over an extended period to share ideas, find solutions, and build innovations.

The term was first used in 1991 by Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger who used it in relation to situated learning as part of an attempt to "rethink learning" at the Institute for Research on Learning. In 1998, the theorist Etienne Wenger extended the concept and applied it to other contexts, including organizational settings. More recently, Communities of Practice have become associated with knowledge management as people have begun to see them as ways of developing social capital, nurturing new knowledge, stimulating innovation, or sharing existing tacit knowledge within an organization. It is now an accepted part of organizational development (OD).

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404 Communities of Practice (CoPs) - At the simplest level, they are a small group of people who have worked together over a period of time.

Communities of practice and organizational performance - Lesser and Storck of the IBM Institute for Knowledge Management argue that the social capital in communities, which may be virtual or co-located, lead to changes that positively influence business performance.
Meta Description: [ IBM Systems Journal issue 40-4, Knowledge Management - Communities of practice and organizational performance - Feature paper ]

Communities of Practice and Pattern Language - James B. Smethurst. For any member of a Community of Practice, there comes a time to interface with individuals and organizations which do not form part of the Community. The difficulty of this situation is the issue of language. Every Community of Practice has its own pattern language, its own way of expressing and discussing the unique qualities of its chosen art.

500 Communities of Practice Discussion Forum - Group that discusses technology, theory and developmental practices. Features a glossary and links to related sites.
Meta Description: [ com-prac: Communities of Practice ]

Communities of Practice News Weblog - GuerrillaKM.org - A weblog about communities of practice and online community. Members receive regular newsletters. Includes a large library, events listing, case studies, photo gallery, and directory of thought leaders.

Communities of Practice: a social aspect to virtual worlds? - The term CoP is used to describe many groups. Here the CoP is discussed as a means of providing the missing social dimension to the virtual world.
Meta Description: [ The term CoP is used to describe many groups. Here we discuss the CoP as a means of providing the missing social dimension to the virtual world. ]

500 Community in the Workplace - Describes an anthology of essays about community building in the workplace, written by a virtual community of community-builders.

Cpsquare - Resources and information for individuals and organizations who are developing expertise in the cultivation of communities of practice. Features educational resources, publications and contact details.

Efios knowledge management - Knowledge management consultants for building and supporting communities of practice, virtual teams and communities in the enterprise organisation.
Meta Description: [ efios knowledge management consultancy (welcome) ]

Etienne Wenger - Homepage of the Community of Practice researcher and consultant who coined the term along with Jean Lave. Features links to his widely-read publications on the field, including an exhaustive survey of technologies that can be used to support Communities of Practice.

Global Gateways - Global Gateways is currently facilitating Communities of Practice (CoPs) for Chief Information Officers (CIOs). We are also forming Communities for other management groups.

Human Interface - Lecture notes from a course taught by Chris Kimble at York University. Provides links to sources of information on knowledge management and communities of practice.
Meta Description: [ This page provides links to material related to the section of the HI2 (Human Interface 2) taught by Chris Kimble at the University of York, UK ]

IBM Global Services experience evolving Communities of Practice - Overview of the lessons IBM Global Services have learned since 1995 implementing Communities of Practice. Focuses on people and organization behavior, supporting processes, and enabling technology factors.
Meta Description: [ IBM Systems Journal issue 40-4, Knowledge Management - Evolving communities of practice: IBM Global Services experience - Feature paper ]

Knowledge Management for Development - A website by Bellanet on leveraging Knowledge Management and Communities of Practice for the international development sector.

Knowledge Management Research at the University of York - Chris Kimble's research in CSCW and Knowledge Management, in particular, the representation and dissemination of knowledge in virtual team and in virtual environments. He is interested in the problems associated with cross-cultural or trans-national team and knowledge work in an international context.
Meta Description: [ Details of past and present research work by Chris Kimble and the Management and Information Research Group at the University of York, UK. ]

Knowledge Networks: Innovation through Communities of Practice - Introduction, historical view and chapter abstracts of book by Pete Bradshaw, Stephen Powell and Dr. Ian Terrell. Features annotated references.
Meta Description: [ Introduction to Knowledge Networks: Innovation through Communities of Practice, by Paul Hildreth and Chris Kimble ]

KnowNet - Researchs and develops new architectures, ideas and internet software for collaborative knowledge development and learning. Features overviews, portals and contact information.
Meta Description: [ Open Source for Collaborative Knowledge Development and Learning ]

McDermott Consulting - Communities of Practice researcher Richard McDermott's consulting firm.

Seven Principles for Cultivating Communities of Practice - Although communities of practice develop organically, a carefully crafted design can drive their evolution. By Etienne Wenger, Richard McDermott, and William M. Snyder; published in Harvard Business School's Working Knowledge.
Meta Description: [ In a new book, Cultivating Communities of Practice: A Guide to Managing Knowledge, the authors offer a practical guide to making knowledge work inside an organization. In this excerpt, the authors detail seven design principles for cultivating communities, everything from "design for evolution" t... ]

The Invisible Key to Success - Shadowy groups called communities of practice are where learning and growth happen.

The Meta Network - Helps groups and organizations build virtual teams and learning communities through organization development consulting, web-based conferencing, and facilitation services.

Where is the Action in Virtual Communities of Practice? - Paper argues that the transfer of a concept that is deeply rooted in the lived-in world to the virtual involves significant conceptual problems. By Christopher Lueg. [PDF]

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