A journal (through French from late Latin diurnalis, daily) has several related meanings:
- a daily record of events or business; a private journal is usually referred to as a diary.
- a newspaper or other periodical, in the literal sense of one published each day;
- however, some publications issued at stated intervals, such as a magazine or the record of the transactions of society such as a scientific journal or academic journals in general, are called a journal. Journal, then, is sometimes used as a synonym for "magazine".
The word "journalist" for one whose business is writing for the public press has been in use since the end of the 17th century.
"Journal" is also applied to the record, day by day, of the business and proceedings of a public body:
- The journals of the British Houses of Parliament contain an official record of the business transacted day by day in either house. The record does not take note of speeches, though some of the earlier volumes contain references to them. The journals are a lengthened account written from the "Votes and Proceedings" (in the House of Lords called "Minutes of Proceedings"), made day by day by the Clerks at the Table, and printed on the responsibility of the Clerk of the House. In the Commons the Votes and Proceedings, but not the Journal, bear the Speaker's signature in fulfilment of a former order that he should "peruse" them before publication. The journals of the British House of Commons begin in the first year of the reign of Edward VI in 1547, and are complete, except for a short interval under Elizabeth I. Those of the House of Lords date from the first year of Henry VIII in 1509. Before that date the proceedings in parliament were entered in the rolls of parliament, which extend from 1278 to 1503. The journals of the Lords are "records" in the judicial sense, those of the Commons are not (see Erskine May, Parliamentary Practice, 1906, pp. 201-202).
- Section 5 of Article I of the United States Constitution requires the Congress of the United States to keep a journal of its proceedings. This journal, the Congressional Record is published by the Government Printing Office.
Journals of this sort are also often referred to as
minutes.
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Books and Periodicals Online - Commercial database of periodical publications, with an emphasis on academic journals. Free trial, order form, corporate information.
Meta Description: [ Books & Periodicals Online is the most comprehensive directory of sources with fulltext articles (full text articles) or abstracts available in online databases. ]
Directory of Electronic Journals, Newsletters and Academic Discussion Lists - Database by the Association of Research Libraries.
Directory of Open Access Journals - Categorized, searchable links to free, full text, quality controlled scientific and scholarly journals.
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EBSCO Online - An electronic journals service available to both academic and corporate subscribers. It aggregates access to electronic journals from various publishers.
Elsevier Science - Information on journals in a wide range of academic fields. Includes subscription details, author information and online access for subscribers.
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Forumjam - Lists of academic journals by subject, keyword and alphabetical order.
Gateway Service Center of Chinese Academic Journal Publications - Provides free delivery of full-text copies of Chinese-language academic journal articles not otherwise available to researchers in the United States.
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Genamics JournalSeek - Database of thousands of journals. Main focus on Scientific disciplines, but listings are not exclusive.
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GetCited.org - Database of journals and corporate publications, searchable by a number of criteria. Also features discussion forum for researchers.
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Indiana University Press Journals - Submission, subscription, and document delivery information for their scholarly journals in the history and humanities fields.
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International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) - Information on the ISSN, which identifies periodicals worldwide, whether in printed form or other media (including online).
NewJour - Searchable directory of new online journals and newsletters.
Periodicals Contents Index - Provides over 9 million article records, covering journals and periodicals from 1770 to 1990 in the arts, social sciences and humanities. Published online by Chadwyck-Healey. Subscription required but a free trial is available.
Project Muse - Subscription based academic journals site with 250 quality titles from over 40 publishers. Articles can be searched by keyword or phrase, including Boolean qualifiers. Free samples.
Serials in Cyberspace - Links to sites dealing with electronic journals.
The Internet Directory of Publications - A free online directory of publications: journals, newspapers, magazines, newsletters.
Meta Description: [ The Internet Directory of Publications(sm); An online directory containing bibliographic information on over 150,000 serials and periodicals. ]