Poverty is an economic condition of lacking both money and basic necessities needed to successfully live such as food, water, education, and shelter.
Those who live in conditions of poverty lack a wide range of economic and other resources and may be described as poor or impoverished. Some see the term as subjective and comparative, others see it as moral and evaluative, while others consider that it is scientifically established. The term "developing countries" is now used to refer to nations that are "poor."
Poverty is understood in many senses. The main understandings of the term include:

Aberdeen - Seaport on the northeast coast of Scotland and was the largest fishing port in the country. Includes brief history and excerpt from a work by Daniel Defoe.
Angus Reach - Journalist for the Morning Chronicle in London, writer for Punch Magazine and joint editor of the journal, The Man in the Moon. Includes excerpts from his writing, biography and photo. (1821 - ?)
Beatrice Webb - Writer of such books as The History of Trade Unionism and Industrial Democracy. She also helped found the London School of Economics and Political Science. Includes detailed history and accomplishments. (1858 - 1943)
Birmingham - Became one of the most important trade centers in Britain with main industries which included the making of guns, jewelry, pins, buttons, screws, buckles and toys. Includes brief history.
Bradford - Became an important center for the woolen and textile trades in the Middle Ages. Includes brief history and excerpts from the works of various writers.
Brighton - Was an important fishing village in the 16th century and later a popular seaside resort in Britain. Includes brief history, painting and excerpts from the works of various writers.
Bristol - Was a major wool-exporting port. Includes brief history of industries and excerpt from a work by Daniel Defoe.
C. F. G. Masterman - Writer and politician. He wrote books such as From the Abyss and The Condition of England and served terms in both local and national governments. Includes brief history and accomplishments. (1873 - 1927)
Cambridge - Situated on the River Cam. Became a renowned educational center with 33 university colleges. Includes short history and excerpt from a work by Daniel Defoe.
Cardiff - Site of a Roman fort, built about 75 A.D. Became an important seaport with the building of the Glamorgan Canal. Includes brief history and excerpt from a work by Daniel Defoe.
Charles Dickens - Wrote newspaper articles to advocate social reform and novels. Includes short biography and excerpts from his work. (1812-1870)
Charles Mackay - Journalist, poet and editor. He wrote for newspapers and journals such as The Morning Chronicle, Daily News and London Illustrated News. (1814 - 1889)
Chichester - Originally built by the Romans in the 1st century A.D. Its Harbor was used to export wool and wheat and later cloth was an important commodity. Includes excerpt from a work by Daniel Defoe.
Crewe - Originally, a small hamlet with only a wayside station beside a turnpike road. Became the junction of three lines. Includes brief summary of its railways.
Derby - Located on the River Derwent. Includes brief details of industries, history and excerpts from works by Daniel Defoe and Angus Reach.
Dundee - Seaport in Scotland on the Firth of Tay. Includes notes about major industries and population figures.
Edinburgh - Capital city of Scotland. Includes history and excerpts from the works of several writers.
Edwin Chadwick - Outlines the career of this nineteenth century lawyer who campaigned for public health and published a report showing that disease was directly related to living conditions.
Elizabeth Gaskell - Novelist, who advocated social reform in Mary Barton: A Tale of Manchester Life. Includes short biography, excerpts from her writings and photo. (1810-1865)
Exeter - Situated on the River Exe and established as a town by the Roman Army about 80 A.D. Includes brief history and excerpt from a work by Daniel Defoe.
Frank Holl - Biography of journalist Frank Holl and bibliography including comments on each work.
George Sims - Biography of journalist George Sims and bibliography including comments on each work.
Glasgow - City in Scotland, known for its university and shipyards. Includes brief history and excerpts from the works of several authors.
Gloucester - Fortified port on the River Severn in Roman times. Includes brief history and excerpt from a work by Daniel Defoe.
Gustave Dore - Biography of illustrator Gustave Dore and bibliography including comments on each work.
Halifax - Was an important center for wool trade. Includes brief history and excerpts from works of Daniel Defoe and Angus Reach.
Henry Mayhew - Joint editor for Punch Magazine and journalist for the Morning Chronicle. Includes biography, excerpts from his writing and photo. (1812-87)
Hubert von Herkomer - Biography of journalist Hubert von Herkomer and bibliography including comments on each work.
Hull - Situated where the River Hull flows into the Humber estuary. Noted for its wool exporting and deep-sea fishing base. Includes brief history and excerpt from a work by Daniel Defoe.
James Bronterre O'Brien - Journalist and editor of the Poor Man's Guardian. Active in the Chartist movement and was arrested and charged with making a seditious speech in Manchester. Wrote for other publications, such as The Reynolds Weekly and the Glasgow Sentinel. (1805-1864)
James Greenwood - The son of a coach-builder, was born in London in the 1840s. As a young man he obtained employment on the Pall Mall Gazette. Sympathetic to the plight of the working-class, Greenwood wrote several articles highlighting the problems of poor housing and public heath.
James Kay-Shuttleworth - Medical doctor and author, he wrote a large number of books and pamphlets on social reform including Public Education (1853). He was also one of the leaders of the Liberal Party in Lancashire. (1804 - 1877)
Leeds - Wool center of England in the 16th century. Includes brief history, painting by Atkinson Grimshaw and excerpts from the works of various writers.
Leicester - Capital of Coritani in Roman Britain and became an important center of hosiery manufacture during the 18th century. Includes brief history and excerpts from the works of Daniel Defoe and Angus Reach.
Liverpool - Port on the north bank of the estuary of the Mersey. Includes brief history, painting by Atkinson Grimshaw and excerpts from the works of various authors.
London - Settled by the Romans in the first century A.D. and known as Londinium. Was administrative, commercial and financial capital of the country by the 18th century and center of manufacturing. Includes brief history, painting by Jan Griffier and excerpts from the writings of various authors.
Luke Fildes - A political activist who was one of the speakers at the Manchester meeting that ended in the Peterloo Massacre. He also was an artist who did paintings which included a version of Houseless and Hungry that he called Applicants to a Casual Ward (1874). (1843 - 1918)
Manchester - Situated on the east bank of the River Irwell and was noted for its cotton industry. Includes brief history and excerpts from the works of various writers.
Mary Higgs - Mary was the first woman at the university to study for the Natural Science Tripos. She devoted some of her life to social work in Oldham and was awarded an OBE just before her death. (1854 - 1937)
Maud Pember Reeves - Active in a variety of women's organizations including the Women's Trade Union League, the NUWSS and the National Anti-Sweating League. A socialist and was active in the Fabian Society. (1865-1953)
Merthyr Tydfil - Noted for its ironworks. Includes brief history and a painting.
Middlesbrough - Situated on the south bank of the Tees estuary. Noted for its ironworks and railway line. Includes brief history.
Newcastle - Situated on the north bank of a shallow gorge on the River Tyne. Was a commercial and industrial center. Includes short history, painting by James Wilson Carmichael and excerpts from works of various writers.
Northampton - Situated on the River Nene. Noted for boot, shoe and leather manufacturing in the 18th century. Includes brief history and excerpt from a work by Daniel Defoe.
Norwich - Situated on the River Wensum and established as a major center of the wool trade during the Middle Ages. Includes brief history of the town's railways.
Nottingham - Situated on the River Trent and noted for its lace and hosiery industry. Includes brief history and excerpts from the writings of Daniel Defoe and Angus Reach.
Oldham - Center of woolen trade by the middle of the 18th century, later a site of cotton mills, with over 213 by 1838. Railways also helped its growth. Includes photo and excerpts from The Morning Chronicle.
Oxford - Medieval town, formed at the junction of the Thames and the Cherwell rivers. Noted for its university. Includes brief history and excerpt from a work by Daniel Defoe.
Plymouth - In the Middle Ages a small town at the mouth of the River Ply. Includes brief history and excerpt from a work by Daniel Defoe.
Portsmouth - Was the main harbor used by the British Navy. Includes short history and excerpt from a work by Daniel Defoe.
Preston - Port at the head of the estuary of the River Ribble. Noted for its wool weaving industry and cotton mill. Includes brief history and excerpt from a work by Daniel Defoe.
Robert Sherard - A journalist who published such articles as The White Slaves of England (1897). Sherard was also commissioned by the editor of The London Magazine to write several articles on child labour. (1861 - 1943)
Seebohm Rowntree - Rowntree carried out many studies into poverty such as Poverty, A Study of Town Life and How the Labourer Lives. (1871 - 1954)
Sheffield - Situated on the River Don and noted for its production of knives, scissors, scythes and shears. Includes painting by William Ibbit and excerpts from the works of several writers.
Shirley Brooks - Journalist who contributed articles to such publications as Ainsworth's Magazine and London Illustrated News. Brooks was appointed editor of Punch Magazine in 1870. (1816 - 1874)
Southampton - Seaport standing on the peninsula between the mouths of the rivers Test and Itchen. Includes short history and excerpt from a work by Daniel Defoe.
Stephen Reynolds - Reynolds took an interest in working class life and in 1909 his book, A Poor Man's House was published. A second book, Seems So! A Working-Class View of Politics followed two years later. (1881 - 1919)
Stoke - Became the center of the pottery industry. Includes brief history and excerpt from The Morning Chronicle.
Sunderland - Situated at the head of the River Wear. Was a flourishing port and Britain's greatest ship-building center. Includes brief history and excerpt from The Morning Chronicle.
Swansea - Situated on the south coast of Wales and site of a castle built by the Normans in the 12th century. Includes brief history.
Swindon - Small town until the coming of railways, located eighty miles from London. Includes brief history.
William Booth - Founded the Whitechapel Christian Mission in London's East End to help feed and house the poor. The mission was reorganized in 1878 along military lines, with the preachers known as officers and Booth as the general. Became known as the Salvation Army. (1829-1912)
William Cobbett - Radical journalist and publisher of the Political Register, the main newspaper read by the working class. After the passing of the 1832 Reform Act he was able to win the parliamentary seat of Oldham in the House of Commons where he concentrated his energies on attacking corruption in government. (1763-1835)
William Stead - Strict Puritan who favoured social reform. Editor of the Northern Echo, the most influential voice of Nonconformity in the North of England. Advocated old age pensions and supported the charity work of the Salvation Army. (1849-1912)
York - Situated on the River Ouse and was an important market and commercial center. Includes brief history and excerpt from a work by Daniel Defoe.
| Homelessness & Poverty | |
| Next Video | |