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Visual impairment or vision impairment is vision loss that constitutes a significant limitation of visual capability resulting from disease, trauma, or a congenital or degenerative condition that cannot be corrected by conventional means, including refractive correction, medication, or surgeryArditi, A., & Rosenthal, B. (1998). "Developing an objective definition of visual impairment." In Vision '96: Proceedings of the International Low Vision Conference (pp. 331-334). Madrid, Spain: ONCE.* This functional loss of vision is typically defined to manifest with 1) best corrected visual acuity of less than 20/60, or significant central field defect, 2) significant peripheral field defect including homonymous or heteronymous bilateral visual field defect or generalized contraction or constriction of field, or 3) reduced peak contrast sensitivity either of the above conditions[http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c108:H.R.+1902: **.

According to the U.S. National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities, "the terms partially sighted, low vision, legally blind, and totally blind are used in the educational context to describe students with visual impairments. They are defined as follows:

  1. Partially sighted indicates some type of visual problem has resulted in a need for special education;
  2. Low vision generally refers to a severe visual impairment, not necessarily limited to distance vision. Low vision applies to all individuals with sight who are unable to read the newspaper at a normal viewing distance, even with the aid of eyeglasses or contact lenses. They use a combination of vision and other senses to learn, although they may require adaptations in lighting or the size of print, and, sometimes, braille;
    1. Myopic - unable to see distant objects clearly, commonly called near-sighted or short-sighted
    2. Hyperopic - unable to see close objects clearly, commonly called far-sighted or long-sighted
  3. Legally blind indicates that a person has less than 20/200 vision in the better eye or a very limited field of vision (20 degrees at its widest point); and
  4. Totally blind students learn via braille or other non-visual media.

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treaty limitations & exceptions to copyright for blind, visually impaired & reading disabled http://www.publicknowledge.org/node/2820
TimeBase (TimeBase) Thu, 17 Dec 2009 02:08:56 -0000
treaty limitations & exceptions to copyright for blind, visually impaired & reading disabled http://www.publicknowledge.org/node/2820
RT: Good News from WIPO: U.S. Delegation Supports Visually Impaired Citizens http://eff.org/r.e7e (via @EFF)
omeron23 (Austin Seraphin) Thu, 17 Dec 2009 02:03:58 -0000
RT: Good News from WIPO: U.S. Delegation Supports Visually Impaired Citizens http://eff.org/r.e7e (via @EFF)
RT @a1great: Visually impaired man, on the bus, windshield wipers in his shopping bag. Where else but #octranspo
skootles (skootles) Thu, 17 Dec 2009 01:51:43 -0000
RT @a1great: Visually impaired man, on the bus, windshield wipers in his shopping bag. Where else but #octranspo
RT @EFF: Good News from WIPO: U.S. Delegation Supports Visually Impaired Citizens http://eff.org/r.e7e
rafik (Rafik) Thu, 17 Dec 2009 01:36:24 -0000
RT @EFF: Good News from WIPO: U.S. Delegation Supports Visually Impaired Citizens http://eff.org/r.e7e
@kayden_kross http://twitpic.com/tt8qw - I'm sorry to hear you're visually impaired but relieved to see you are indeed blond.
PegPelvisPete (Peg Pelvis Pete) Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:48:42 -0000
@kayden_kross http://twitpic.com/tt8qw - I'm sorry to hear you're visually impaired but relieved to see you are indeed blond.
Visually impaired man, on the bus, windshield wipers in his shopping bag. Where else but #octranspo
a1great (Dan Awesome) Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:46:35 -0000
Visually impaired man, on the bus, windshield wipers in his shopping bag. Where else but #octranspo

 
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Home for the Visually Impaired (Hong Kong) - Provide blind and low-vision students and elderly with education rehabilitation, and care attention services respectively.

Alabama Institute for Deaf and Blind (AIDB) - Comprehensive education and rehabilitation system serving children and adults who are deaf, blind and multidisabled.

California School for the Blind - Provides comprehensive educational services to students of California who are visually impaired, deaf/blind, and visually impaired/multi-handicapped from infancy through age 21. These services will be provided in order to empower students to lead vocationally, personally, and socially satisfying productive lives leading to their highest level of independence.

Florida School for the Deaf and the Blind - Public residential school for students who are sensory impaired.
Meta Description: [ Florida School for the Deaf and the Blind. Florida's public residential school for students who are sensory impaired. ]

Georgia Academy for the Blind - Georgia's only residential school for the blind. The school also has programs for deaf-blind and multidisabled children.

Governor Morehead School - Provides a free, public education and other services that address the social, physical, intellectual and emotional aspects of the total development of children with visual impairments.

Illinois School for the Visually Impaired (ISVI) - A residential/day school for students who are blind and visually impaired. The school is located on an 18-acre campus in Jacksonville.

Indiana School for the Blind - Offers pre-school through high school programs, free of charge on a residential or day school basis, to the young people of Indiana who are blind and visually impaired. The school also provides students with instruction in the same coursework required of all school-aged children in Indiana. Specialized classes include orientation and mobility, adaptive physical education, independent living skills, vocational education, music instruction, Braille and specially adapted computer technology.

Kansas State School for the Blind - Works to ensure equal access to a high quality education for all Kansas students who are blind or visually impaired.
Meta Description: [ This site provides information on the Kansas State School for the Blind and it's services. There are also resources related to technology and accessibility. ]

Kentucky School for the Blind - Provides a variety of educational programming, specialized materials, and resources to Kentucky students who are blind or otherwise visually impaired.

Maryland School for the Blind - A private, nonprofit school serving children from infancy through age 21 who are blind, visually impaired and multiply disabled.

Missouri School for the Blind - A day school with a residential component serving over 1,200 blind and visually impaired children between the ages of 0-21. A statewide resource center of educational excellence for parents, families, and local school districts serving children with significant vision loss.

Montana School For The Deaf And The Blind - Provides educational services to deaf and hard of hearing and blind and low vision children whose impairment is such as to preclude their making normal progress in regular public schools.

New Mexico School for theVisually Handicapped - Mission is to provide the training, support and resources necessary to prepare blind / visually / multiply impaired children in New Mexico to participate fully in their families, community, and work force and to lead independent, productive lives.

Oklahoma School for the Blind - The school's purpose is to meet the educational needs of blind and visually impaired students who are residents of Oklahoma by providing a program to help students reach their maximum potential.

Oregon School for the Blind - Serves students with visual impairments who have educational needs beyond those which the local school district and regional program can provide.

Overbrook School for the Blind - A private, non-profit, non-sectarian educational facility with quality programs for children who are blind or visually disabled, or emotionally and learning disabled.

Perkins School For The Blind - Serves blind, visually handicapped, multi-handicapped blind, and deafblind students and clients on a day or residential basis.
Meta Description: [ Perkins School for the Blind, est. 1829, Helen Keller's alma mater, helps people who are blind or deafblind reach their greatest possible independence. ]

Royal Blind School - A national school providing for the special educational needs of young people with visual impairments. Located in Edinburgh.

Royal Institute for Deaf and Blind Children - Detailed information on how the institute provides world-renowned educational programs for kids with sensory disabilities.
Meta Description: [ Web site of The Royal Institute for Deaf and Blind Children, providing education, support services, and information for children with vision and hearing impairments and other associated disabilities. ]

South Carolina School for the Deaf and Blind (SCSDB) - Provides services statewide for deaf, blind and sensory multidisabled individuals (children and adults), their families and the professionals who work with them. SCSDB offers programs for preschool, elementary, middle school, high school, sensory multidisabled, vocational and postsecondary educational students, as well as a variety of outreach and support services.

South Dakota School for the Blind and Visually Impaired - Statewide resource in the education of children with vision loss.

St. Lucy Day School for Children with Visual Impairments - One of the five special education schools in the Archdiocese of Philadelphia, and it serves visually impaired students from a five county area.

Tennessee School for the Blind (TSB) - A resource for Tennesseans from birth through high school who are blind or visually impaired and for others who provide them with care and services. TSB offers information, education, counseling and technical assistance to families and schools in local communities as well as to the children enrolled as residential or day school students.
Meta Description: [ Official Tennessee School for the Blind homepage, TSB, Middle TN ]

Texas School For The Blind And Visually Impaired - A center for educational services for all blind and visually impaired students in Texas.
Meta Description: [ A Center for Educational Services for All Blind and Visually Impaired Students in Texas. ]

The Colorado School for the Deaf and the Blind (CSDB) - Serves deaf and blind students across the state of Colorado. In addition to on-campus school programs, CSDB provides outreach services to school districts and parents across the state.

The Connecticut Institute for the Blind/Oak Hill - Provides community-based education, residential and vocational programs for people with visual impairments and multiple disabilities.
Meta Description: [ Oak Hill enhances independence and quality of life for people with disabilities, including visual impairments, by setting the standard in providing innovative solutions, program excellence, services and advocacy ]

The Hadley School for the Blind - Nonprofit international distance education school. Ninety tuition-free courses for blind adults and family members of blind children and adults. Study at your own pace.

The New Hampshire Association for the Blind - NHAB provides orientation and rehabilitation for blind and visually impaired people statewide.

The New York Institute for Special Education - Private, non-profit, non-sectarian educational facility with quality programs for children who are blind or visually disabled, emotionally and learning disabled and pre-schoolers who are developmentally delayed.
Meta Description: [ The New York Institute for Special Education(NYISE) is a private, non-profit, non-sectarian educational facility with quality programs for children who are blind or visually disabled, emotionally and learning disabled and pre-schoolers who are developmentally delayed. ]

The New York State School For The Blind - Providing high quality education to visually impaired children who have multiple disabilities.

500 The Pattaya School for the Blind - Provides free residential schooling for poor blind children who would otherwise receive no education. Located in Thailand.

Utah Schools for the Deaf and Blind - Works to provide high-quality direct and indirect services to sensory-impaired children from birth through age 21 throughout the state of Utah.

Virginia School for the Deaf and the Blind - Established to provide comprehensive educational services to deaf, hard of hearing, blind or visually impaired children who require specialized instruction not available in local public schools.
Meta Description: [ Virginia School for the Deaf and the Blind Website ]

Washington State School for the Blind - Provides specialized educational services to youth who are blind or otherwise visually impaired within the state of Washington.
Meta Description: [ Providing Quality Services to Blind and Visually Impaired Students Since 1886.   ]

Western Pennsylvania School for Blind Children - The school's mission is to provide superior opportunities for training and education to students who in addition to visual impairment are disabled by other severe conditions. The school is dedicated to helping all students gain as much independence as possible so that they can experience positively the companionship of family, friends, and the community. Further, the school offers assistance to families and serves as a resource to the public.

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