Behaviorism or behaviourism is an approach to psychology based on the proposition that behavior can be researched scientifically without recourse to inner mental states. It is a form of materialism, denying any independent significance for the mind. A similar approach to political science may be found in Behavioralism.
One of the assumptions of many behaviorists is that free will is illusory, and that all behaviour is determined by a combination of forces comprising genetic factors and the environment, either through association or reinforcement.
The behaviorist school of thought ran concurrent with the psychoanalysis movement in psychology in the 20th century. Its main influences were Ivan Pavlov, who investigated classical conditioning, John B. Watson who rejected introspective methods and sought to restrict psychology to experimental methods, and B.F. Skinner who sought to give ethical grounding to behaviorism, relating it to pragmatism, and conducted research on operant conditioning.
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