Postgraduate education (or graduate education) involves studying for degrees or other qualifications for which a first or Bachelor's degree is required, and is normally considered to be part of tertiary or higher education. In North America this level is generally referred to as Graduate school.

The organisation and structure of postgraduate education is very different in different countries, and also in different institutions within countries. This article sets out the basic types of course and of teaching and examination methods, with some explanation of their history. More detailed treatments of the different types of degree can be found at the relevant specific articles: Master's degree and Doctorate.

Types of postgraduate qualification

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There are four main types of qualification studied for at the postgraduate level: academic and vocational degrees, and academic and vocational certificates and diplomas.

More on [ Postgraduate education ]

David Lynch : Transcendental Meditation

Meditation and the story
sanunit@iowatelecom.net Wed, 03 Sep 2008 19:00:00 +0100
I have a question about story. When you’re in meditation, the process of story—does it come to you visually? When I watch your films, they are like a meditation to me. And you use colors, and you use rhythm, and you use timing, and you also—your stories are surprising and always revealing. And I wonder how your meditation influences you in that way, and how you convey that on the set to the actors—how do you all work together to bring that to light? [...]
What is the field of consciousness?
sanunit@iowatelecom.net Tue, 26 Aug 2008 19:00:00 +0100
Can you explain about consciousness? The field of consciousness, the field of pure consciousness, as explained by Dr. John Hagelin, is also known as the Unified Field—the Unified Field found at the base of all matter. And it’s found at the base of all mind, at the source of thought. And this Unified Field is also beyond space and time. It’s unbounded and eternal; it’s beyond duality. It’s oneness; it’s unity. An [...]
Drugs or meditation
sanunit@iowatelecom.net Wed, 20 Aug 2008 19:00:00 +0100
Have you ever used hallucinogenic drugs for inspiration, or have you done it entirely through meditation? I have smoked marijuana. But I don’t smoke it any more. And I was pretty lucky—and it’s a true thing. You know, I went to art school in the ’60s. So you can imagine what was going on. And yet my friends were the ones: they said, “No, no, no, David: don’t you take those drugs.”

How do ideas become a script?
sanunit@iowatelecom.net Wed, 13 Aug 2008 19:00:00 +0100
How do you find your ideas, and how do you form them into a script? That’s a beautiful question. I think a desire for an idea is like a bait. And I say it’s like fishing. You desire an idea. And when you go fishing, you know you have to have patience. And you bait your hook, and then you just kind of wait. But the desire is that bait that pulls those fish in—those ideas. And the beautiful thing is: when you catch one fish that yo [...]
Music and consciousness
sanunit@iowatelecom.net Sun, 10 Aug 2008 19:00:00 +0100
Can you explain how you use music to transform consciousness within your story? But it doesn’t expand—music doesn’t expand consciousness. The only thing that expands consciousness… You know, they have these so-called “consciousness raising” groups. What they’re doing is sharing information, or giving information. It doesn’t raise consciousness. Consciousness can be raised only by experiencing that d [...]
Does meditation protect you?
sanunit@iowatelecom.net Mon, 04 Aug 2008 19:00:00 +0100
How can you just so fully commit to the violent, dark nature of life—mostly in Twin Peaks, I think, and all of them—how can you be so committed to that darkness without being harmed by it? And how does meditation help you with that? In a way—this is a strange thing, but it’s a true thing in my experience–bliss is like a flack jacket. Bliss is like a protecting thing. If you have so much bliss, they say it’s [...]

Education: News & Videos about Education - CNN.com

Math tests for kindergartners?
Thu, 28 Aug 2008 13:48:00 -0400
The city is asking public school principals to consider giving math tests to kindergartners, a proposal that comes amid debate over the growing use of standardized tests nationwide.
Mom finds U.S. lagging in early education
Mon, 25 Aug 2008 14:56:00 -0400
That's my girl, I thought, as Olivia tore away from us to join the other 5-year-olds for circle time -- legs crossed, hand stick-straight in the air in response to the teacher's question about how the kids spent Father's Day.
U.S. Colleges' Green Grade: C-
Sun, 24 Aug 2008 17:00:00 -0400
Campuses may be getting greener, but college curriculums are falling behind in teaching students the basics of global warming and sustainability

UN News Centre - Culture, Education

UN organizes campaign to help Georgia's children return to school
Fri, 05 Sep 2008 00:00:00 -0500
The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) is organizing a campaign to ensure that all children in Georgia can start the new school year this month, following the recent conflict in the Caucasus country.
UN agencies launch bid to include restored Iraqi marshlands on heritage list
Fri, 05 Sep 2008 00:00:00 -0500
Two United Nations agencies unveiled a joint bid today to list Iraq's marshlands, considered by some to be the original Garden of Eden, as a World Heritage Site, capping efforts to restore the ecological viability of the fragile region.
UNESCO backs plan to build underwater museum in Alexandria, Egypt
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 00:00:00 -0500
The United Nations cultural agency announced today it will help Egypt build an innovative underwater museum in the Bay of Alexandria on the site of archaeological remains thousands of years old.

U.S. Department of Education

Historically Black Colleges and Universities Week (Sep 7-13)
Fri, 05 Sep 2008 16:00:00 -0000
Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights Stephanie Monroe will join 1,000 higher education leaders and policymakers on September 8 in Washington, D.C., during the 2008 national conference celebrating the nation's Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs).
Higher Ed Grants to Help Students with Disabilities
Fri, 29 Aug 2008 15:45:00 -0000
The Department announced the award of $6.7 million in grants to 23 higher education organizations to help them develop pilot projects for students with disabilities.
Grant to Utah to Help Create More Charter Schools
Thu, 21 Aug 2008 20:14:00 -0000
ED's Assistant Deputy Secretary for Innovation and Improvement Doug Mesecar visited Guadalupe Schools in Salt Lake City today to present an $8,533,334 Charter Schools Program grant to the Utah State Department of Education. Utah's Lt. Gov. Gary Herbert and Vice Chairman of the Utah State Board of Education Mark Cluff joined Mesecar for the announcement.

BBC News | Education | UK Edition

Holiday key to school standards?
Sat, 06 Sep 2008 01:00:57 -0000
Mike Baker wonders if having school holidays earlier might make pupils do better.
Teachers to hold ballot on strike
Fri, 05 Sep 2008 15:38:39 -0000
Another teachers' strike is threatened - with the National Union of Teachers announcing a ballot for industrial action.
Team sports blamed for health gap
Fri, 05 Sep 2008 11:37:37 -0000
Too much team sport in schools is stopping pupils from learning about individual physical exercise, say researchers.
More state pupils enter Cambridge
Fri, 05 Sep 2008 00:00:58 -0000
The proportion of new Cambridge University students from state schools jumped 7% last year to the highest level since 1981.
Threatened schools decision delay
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 21:29:16 -0000
A process of shutting seven junior secondary schools is to be discussed by councillors on Scotland's Western Isles.
Heads say teens' tests not needed
Fri, 05 Sep 2008 11:41:44 -0000
Head teachers want the national curriculum tests 14-year-olds in England have to sit to be scrapped.
Plan to cut targets for schools
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 12:28:48 -0000
Councils in England could face fewer top-down targets for different groups of pupils under proposals.
School meal guidelines tightened
Wed, 03 Sep 2008 22:59:29 -0000
School meals in England's primary schools are subject to even tighter guidelines from this month.
University funding is 'creaking'
Wed, 03 Sep 2008 12:05:59 -0000
The National Union of Students says England's system for funding higher education is unfair and needs overhauling.
Cambridge drops law entrance test
Wed, 03 Sep 2008 12:27:57 -0000
Cambridge University is no longer going to use the full LNat admissions test from next year.
School travel
Fri, 05 Sep 2008 11:15:27 -0000
Busier roads mean schools are back - how is it for you?
School's role
Wed, 03 Sep 2008 16:00:00 -0000
Rural hopes after a four-pupil school was saved
Teen pregnancy
Wed, 03 Sep 2008 12:29:40 -0000
Why do we have such a problem with it?
Knife poem axed
Wed, 03 Sep 2008 10:31:27 -0000
Should the exam syllabus be dictated by social issues?
Blyton makeover
Fri, 05 Sep 2008 11:33:57 -0000
How Jill and Mary were replaced by Zoe and Pippa
E-mail us
Tue, 10 Jun 2008 13:22:01 -0000
How to contact the BBC News website education team
GCSE poem dropped over knife fear
Wed, 03 Sep 2008 10:02:48 -0000
An exam board asks schools to destroy a GCSE poetry anthology because one poem refers to knife violence.
Students face allowance problems
Tue, 02 Sep 2008 13:48:30 -0000
A college is making emergency payments to students - after delivery problems with a government allowance.
Learning partnerships 'working'
Wed, 03 Sep 2008 14:20:32 -0000
Ofsted finds good collaboration between schools and colleges in England in reforming teenagers' learning.
Apology over school bus 'chaos'
Tue, 02 Sep 2008 11:38:33 -0000
A council apologises after what a school governor calls a 'shambles' over school bus arrangements for the first day of term.
New pupils have to stay until 17
Wed, 03 Sep 2008 10:18:42 -0000
Children starting secondary school in England this week are the first legally required to stay in education until they are 17.
Quads separated at school
Wed, 03 Sep 2008 14:09:51 -0000
A set of 11-year-old quads will be taught in separate classes for the first time after starting at secondary school.
Outdoor classes start in schools
Tue, 02 Sep 2008 10:43:10 -0000
The first wave of children to follow a 'revolutionary' play-based curriculum is starting school in Wales.
Pupils warned over energy drinks
Tue, 02 Sep 2008 23:01:18 -0000
The use of Red Bull and other energy drinks by school children is becoming a growing problem, a drug expert says.
More pupils to get Three Rs help
Mon, 01 Sep 2008 23:03:05 -0000
One-to-one tuition with the Three Rs is to be offered to thousands of children struggling in England's primary schools.
'Confidence hit' as exams change
Mon, 01 Sep 2008 15:38:32 -0000
England's exams watchdog says Sats problems have damaged confidence in the system as big changes begin.
Under-fives get 'learning goals'
Mon, 01 Sep 2008 09:49:58 -0000
Statutory guidelines governing standards of childcare for under-fives come into force in England.
Schools start cancer vaccinations
Mon, 01 Sep 2008 12:44:47 -0000
Scottish schoolgirls are to become the first in the UK to be vaccinated against cervical cancer.
Plea over poor school gym halls
Sun, 31 Aug 2008 23:31:24 -0000
Education chiefs say they cannot tackle the poor state of gym facilities in Scottish schools until buildings are upgraded.
New pressure over faith schools
Fri, 29 Aug 2008 23:02:24 -0000
The government is facing fresh pressure to stop faith schools selecting pupils and staff on the basis of their religion.
Weak teachers 'put off pupils'
Sun, 31 Aug 2008 11:38:37 -0000
Poor teachers can put children off learning and are too difficult to sack, the chief inspector of schools warns.
School uniform costs 'stressful'
Sat, 30 Aug 2008 07:27:59 -0000
Many parents are under pressure to meet the costs of sending their children to school, two charities warn.
What future for schools?
Fri, 01 Aug 2008 13:38:48 -0000
Mike Baker considers the big picture of where schools should be heading in the future.
Tests - do we still need them?
Fri, 25 Jul 2008 16:00:26 -0000
Mike Baker considers whether the "high stakes" testing regime is still needed.
Future of league tables
Fri, 18 Jul 2008 13:37:46 -0000
Mike Baker says it is hard to see how performance tables can be published on the basis of this year's school tests.
Was there ever a golden age?
Fri, 11 Jul 2008 17:37:54 -0000

Testing saga - where will it end?
Fri, 15 Aug 2008 14:48:52 -0000
Could this year's national testing shambles provide the government with an easy way out from the testing system.
Digging for hope
Thu, 31 Jul 2008 09:33:14 -0000
English teenagers help African village build classrooms
'Try teaching' scheme booming
Tue, 29 Jul 2008 13:06:40 -0000
A scheme that gets American graduates to try teaching in tough areas before other careers is proving a hit.
When pupils are too shy to learn
Tue, 22 Jul 2008 17:16:57 -0000
"Invisible children" too shy to put up their hands could be helped by a scheme to boost their social skills.
What is BBC News School Report?
Wed, 23 Jul 2008 15:13:39 -0000
Find out more about the project which motivates secondary students around the UK to make and broadcast their own news.

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