Zhang (張) is among the most common Chinese surnames. In 1990 edition of Guinness Book of Records, the surname was listed as the world's most common surname, with over 100 million people worldwide with this surname. It was also ranked 3^rd in the People's Republic of China. The use of this surname dates back to about 4,700 years ago. It takes the form 張 in Traditional Chinese and 张 in Simplified Chinese.

Zhang is pronounced and transliterated in a variey of ways. In Mandarin Chinese it is Pinyin: Zhāng, Wade-Giles: Chang, Tongyong Pinyin: Jhāng. In Cantonese it is Yale: Jèung, Jyutping: Zoeng1, Hong Kong Government: Cheung. In Minnan, it is Pe̍h-oē-jī: Tiuⁿ, in Southeast Asia where a variety of dialects are spoken: Teo or Teoh in the Minnan/Teochew dialects, Chong in Hakka, Cheong in Cantonese and many other spellings based on the Romanisation of the Chinese dialects used. The corresponding Korean surname is 장 which is frequently transliterated as Jang or Chang. Some confusion arises with the surnames Zhuang (莊) and Jiang (蔣) that are also written as 장 in Korean, and which are also frequently transliterated as Jang or Chang. The corresponding Vietnamese version is Trương.

Another Zhang, 章, is a less common surname which also has the same pronunciation of Zhāng in Mandarin, Jèung in Cantonese, and Jang in Korean. However, this name is pronounced differently in Minnan (Chiong) than Tiuⁿ (張). Likewise, the Vietnamese can clearly distinguish this name, pronounced Chương, from Trương (張).

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