Clement Richard Attlee, 1st Earl Attlee, KG, OM, CH, FRS, PC (3 January 1883–8 October 1967) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from 1945 to 1951. Despite his natural modesty and laconic style of speaking, he won a landslide election victory over Winston Churchill immediately after Churchill had led Britain through World War II. He was the first Labour Prime Minister to serve for a full Parliamentary term, and the first to have a majority in Parliament. He was the longest-serving Labour Party leader in history.

The government he led put in place the post-war consensus, based upon the assumption that full employment would be maintained by Keynesian policies, and that an improved system of social services would be created - aspirations that had been outlined in the wartime Beveridge Report. Within this context, his government undertook the nationalisation of major industries and public utilities as well as the creation of the National Health Service. This consensus was by and large accepted by both parties until Margaret Thatcher became Prime Minister.

His government also presided over the decolonisation of a large part of the British Empire, in which India, Burma, Ceylon, and Pakistan obtained independence.

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